3V0-24.25 Online Practice Questions

Explanation:
VCF 9.0 describes VKS as providing self-service, declarative lifecycle management for Kubernetes clusters and explicitly identifies Cluster API as the mechanism that enables Kubernetes-style lifecycle automation. The documentation states that “The Cluster API provides declarative, Kubernetes-style APIs for cluster creation, configuration, and management,” and that its inputs include resources describing “the virtual machines that make up the cluster” plus “cluster add-ons.” This directly maps to automated lifecycle management: a desired-state YAML is reconciled by controllers that create, update, and maintain the control plane and worker node resources without manual, imperative procedures.
The same VCF 9.0 content also notes VKS exposes “three layers of controllers” for lifecycle management and lists Cluster API as one of those layers, reinforcing that Cluster API is foundational for ongoing cluster operations (create, scale, upgrade, reconcile). Contour is an ingress controller (traffic routing), kubeadm is a Kubernetes bootstrap tool (not the VKS lifecycle controller framework), and Grafana is observability /visualization (not cluster lifecycle).

Explanation:
In a vSphere Kubernetes Service (VKS) environment, resource management follows aDeclarative Model. When an administrator uses kubectl edit deployment to manually scale a running workload from 5 to 10
replicas, they are modifying thelive stateof the deployment. However, thesource of truthfor a Tanzu Kubernetes cluster in VCF 9.0 is theCluster YAML specificationmaintained by the Cluster API (CAPI) provider within the Supervisor.
If the administrator redeploys the cluster or if the Supervisor’s controller performs a reconciliation loop, it refers back to the original configuration file. If that cluster YAML file still defines the replica count as 5, the Supervisor will terminate the 5 "extra" pods to match the desired state defined in the configuration. This is a common administrative pitfall; for changes to be persistent across redeployments or updates in VCF 9.0, the underlying manifest (the "Desired State") must be updated. Manually editing the live object only provides a temporary change that will be overwritten during the next synchronization or lifecycle event because the cluster YAML file was not updated to reflect the requested increase.

Explanation:
The errors described―specifically the memcache.go failure, the inability to fetch resource lists for Antrea, and the YAML context error―are classic symptoms of aConfiguration Context mismatch. In VCF 9.0, there are two distinct layers of API interaction: theSupervisor Cluster API (used for management tasks like creating clusters) and theGuest Cluster API (used for deploying workloads within the VKS).
When an administrator upgrades a Supervisor, the API endpoint or the available API groups may change. If the administrator attempts to run kubectl commands against a VKS cluster while their kubeconfig context is still pointing to the Supervisor (or vice versa), the client will encounter "mapping values" errors and "unable to handle request" errors because it is sending requests to an endpoint that does not recognize those specific resource definitions (like Antrea stats in the wrong context). To resolve this, the administrator must ensure
they have switched to the correct context using kubectl config use-context <cluster-name> after the Supervisor update to ensure the local client is communicating with the correct API server and version of the Kubernetes binaries.

Explanation:
A Supervisor upgrade impacts the lifecycle and compatibility of Supervisor Services (including Core Supervisor Services). VMware guidance emphasizes validating compatibility for the components that depend on the Supervisor and remediating any incompatibilities as part of the overall upgrade process. If a Core Supervisor Service remains stuck in “Configuring” after the Supervisor is upgraded, a common and expected cause is that the service version is not compatible with the upgraded Supervisor/vCenter software state. In those cases, the upgrade workflow expects you to identify and update incompatible Supervisor Services to versions that match the new supported software level. Ensuring the vSphere Kubernetes Service is at asupportedversion (for the upgraded Supervisor) aligns with the documented approach: run compatibility checks and then update the versions of incompatible Supervisor Services so they can complete reconciliation and reach a healthy state.

Explanation:
A service mesh is an application communication layer that standardizes service-to-service traffic inside Kubernetes. Instead of each development team building custom logic for retries, timeouts, encryption, and telemetry, the mesh provides these capabilities consistently across workloads. This is typically done by inserting a data plane (often sidecar proxies or node-level proxies) that intercepts inbound and outbound traffic for each microservice, plus a control plane that distributes configuration and identity material.
The key outcomes align directly to option B: communication becomes possible (reliable connectivity patterns), structured (consistent routing rules, policies, and identity), andobservable (metrics, logs, and distributed tracing for east-west traffic). A service mesh commonly adds controls such asmTLS encryption, fine-grainedtraffic policy (allow/deny, rate limits, circuit breaking), and progressive delivery patterns (canary/blue-green) without changing application code.
By contrast, service discovery (A) is usually a built-in Kubernetes function, load balancing/autoscaling across sites (C) is not the primary definition of a service mesh, and a single centralized global routing table (D) is not how meshes are typically described or implemented.